BOWLING ALLEYS CHICAGO FIRESIDE HOW TO

If the articles included references and citations, students would be more likely to rely on those sources instead of conducting their own research.

BOWLING ALLEYS CHICAGO FIRESIDE HOW TO

This is because the goal is for students to learn how to research a topic and cite sources independently. The Journals' articles do not list any references or citations. The compiled data in the articles are not subject to copyright unless otherwise stated. This blog is a free-to-access, not-for-profit resource that is not academically funded. The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™ was created to help 6th through 12th-grade public and private school students in Illinois find a topic for their Illinois History Day project.

Much of Chicago's elevated rapid transit system came to run along alleys. In working-class areas, alleys provided space for small manufacturing, repair shops, rear houses, children's play space, and, eventually, garages. In middle-class areas, the street represented the respectable front, while the alley saw the servants and suppliers do the dirty work. Around World War I, 'modern' planning theory declared alleys wasteful and undesirable, and the last outer fringes of the city of Chicago, along with the vast majority of the suburban territory, were developed thereafter without alleys.Īlleys developed social meanings early on. My article, ' How the City Dealt with all the horse manure,' explains how m anure vaults were a big part of Chicago's alleys before the turn of the 20th century.Įarly suburban developments showed a rising ambivalence toward alleys (Olmsted & Vaux's 1869 Riverside plat contains 31 blocks with alleys and 50 without them). With so many peddlers throughout the city, horse manure was a huge problem. Together, they enabled the city to evolve a “system” of mass-produced services and mass-produced access, one of the civic accomplishments of the century.īy 1900, over 98% of the city's residential blocks had alleys a century later, the proportion was still well over 90%.Ī typical “Manure Vault” in a Chicago alley in 1918.Īlleys were used by a variety of horse-cart peddlers selling everything from fresh fruit to knife sharpening.

However, alleys became the overwhelming norm in city planning as the National Land Survey imposed its grid framework upon Chicago's expanding street and block patterns.

Bowling alleys chicago fireside